MIDRIFT HURINET reserchers on the right and a representative from Nairobi City County on the left


Statistics reveal that SGBV cases constitute 35.8% of criminal cases reported in Kenya and are prevalent within

informal settlements.

MIDRIFT HURINET's study, "Understanding the Root Causes of Gender-Based Violence in Nairobi-Kenya," offers a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to GBV in Nairobi's informal settlements, including Mathare, Kibera, Dandora, and Mukuru.

 

Key findings from the study highlight a high recognition of gender-based violence within these communities, with participants acknowledging its widespread occurrence. Notably, 61.5% of women reported experiencing GBV, underscoring the urgent need for targeted interventions.

 

Several underlying factors contribute to the prevalence of GBV, including Deep-seated cultural beliefs and practices that perpetuate gender inequality, Poverty, and financial instability, exacerbate power imbalances and stress within households, Limited access to education, hindering awareness and understanding of rights and available support systems and Ineffective legal systems that fail to protect victims and deter perpetrators.

The study notes a significant increase in GBV cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, attributed to heightened economic pressures and restricted movement, intensifying existing vulnerabilities.

While some support services exist, there are notable gaps in the limited availability and accessibility of safe spaces for survivors, Insufficient legal assistance to navigate the justice system, and Inadequate medical & psychological care tailored to the needs of GBV

survivors.

These findings underscore the necessity for a multifaceted approach to combat GBV, focusing on cultural transformation, economic empowerment, educational initiatives, and strengthening legal frameworks.

Addressing these root causes is essential for developing effective prevention strategies and advocating for policy changes that protect and support survivors.

 

The study reveals a harrowing reality:

Defilement, physical assault, and sexual assault are the most prevalent forms of gender-based violence (GBV) reported, with the majority of survivors being teenagers aged 13 to 17.

This alarming trend paints a grim picture of a generation robbed of innocence.

Teenagers, in the prime of their youth, are subjected to unspeakable acts that leave indelible scars on their bodies and souls.

The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to protect these vulnerable individuals and address the root causes of such violence.

The findings serve as a call to action, urging policymakers, community leaders, and society to confront the systemic issues perpetuating GBV.

We can dismantle the structures that enable such violence by understanding the underlying factors—cultural norms, economic disparities, and inadequate legal frameworks.

Only through concerted efforts can we hope to shield our youth from the horrors of GBV and pave the way for a safer, more equitable future.

Sexual violence is most prevalent among children, with perpetrators often individuals known to the victims. Disturbingly, these incidents predominantly occur during daylight hours, highlighting the urgent need for protective measures throughout the day.

 

This revelation paints a picture of the vulnerabilities faced by children in these communities. The perpetrators, often familiar figures, exploit the trust and safety typically associated with known individuals, making it challenging for children to recognize and report the abuse. The prevalence of such violence during the day further complicates protective efforts, as children are less supervised and more exposed to

potential harm.

 

Addressing this issue requires a multifaceted approach that includes Implementing programs to educate children and caregivers about recognizing and reporting abuse, enhancing laws and their enforcement to protect children from known perpetrators, and Encouraging

community initiatives that provide safe spaces and supervision for children during vulnerable hours.

The study reveals that most perpetrators are men aged 26 to 35, 18 to 25, and s36 to 49.

This revelation paints a grim picture of the perpetrators: men in the prime of their lives, wielding power and control over the most vulnerable members of society.

The fact that the majority of these offenders are known to their victims adds a layer of betrayal and complexity to the issue. It underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address the root causes of such violence, including cultural norms, economic disparities, and inadequate legal frameworks.

 

In the intimate confines of their own homes, many survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) in Nairobi's informal settlements endure the most harrowing experiences. The study reveals that the majority of GBV cases occur within the survivor's residence, followed by private locations outside the home, including public places.

This alarming trend underscores the urgent need for protective measures within domestic spaces and heightened vigilance in public.

 

In response to these challenges, there is a strong preference for resolving GBV cases at the household level.

However, the prevalence of "kangaroo courts"—informal community tribunals lacking legal authority—complicates the pursuit of justice. These unofficial bodies cannot often enforce legal standards, leading to inconsistent and sometimes unjust outcomes.

The study highlights the critical need for strengthening formal legal mechanisms to ensure fair and effective resolution of GBV cases.

 

Compounding these challenges is the limited implementation of existing laws and policies designed to combat GBV.

Despite legal frameworks intended to protect survivors, enforcement remains inadequate. This gap between policy and practice perpetuates a cycle of impunity, leaving many survivors without recourse. The study emphasizes the necessity for robust enforcement of GBV laws to provide meaningful protection and support to those affected.

 

Children raised in impoverished environments are more susceptible to various forms of abuse, including neglect, physical and sexual violence, and exposure to domestic violence.

These adverse experiences can have lasting effects, increasing the likelihood of both perpetrating and becoming victims of GBV in later life.

Equally concerning are the systemic barriers that hinder survivors from reporting GBV and accessing essential services. Stigma from family and community, fear of further violence from perpetrators, feelings of helplessness, and denial of entry to service provision premises are significant obstacles.

These barriers often lead to underreporting and inadequate support for survivors, perpetuating cycles of violence and trauma. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including community education, strengthening legal frameworks, and ensuring the availability of accessible and confidential support services.

 

Stereotypes and a lack of understanding about disabilities contribute to violence against persons with disabilities (PWDs). Negative stereotypes make it easier to deny or abuse the civil rights of people with disabilities, leading to discrimination and exclusion.

Individuals with disabilities are more likely to experience violence, yet societal misconceptions often render their experiences invisible or dismissed.

Combating these issues necessitates public education to challenge stereotypes, promote inclusivity, and ensure PWDs have equal access to resources and support systems.

By

Jacob Karani